Wikipedia:Guidance on applying the Manual of Style Wikipedia

The symbol used as the left (typographical) quote in English is used as the right quote in Germany and Austria and a “low double comma” „ (not used in English) is used for the left quote. In English, spaces are used for interword separation as well as separation between punctuation and words. In normal Japanese writing, no spaces are left between words, except if the writing is exclusively in hiragana or katakana (or with very little kanji), in which case spaces may be required to avoid confusion. In Scrabble, an exclamation mark written after a word is used to indicate its presence in the Official Tournament and Club Word List but its absence from the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary, usually because the word has been judged offensive. The frequency and specifics of the latter use vary widely, over time and regionally.

Editors use “invisible” comments – not shown in the rendered page seen by readers of the article, but visible in the source editing mode when an editor opens the article for editing – to communicate with one another. An HTML character entity is sometimes better than the equivalent Unicode character, which may be difficult to identify in edit mode; for example, Α is explicit whereas Α (the upper-case form of Greek α) may be misidentified as the Latin A. An article about Junípero Serra should say he lived in Alta Mexico, not in California, because the latter entity did not yet exist in Serra’s time. The Romans invaded Gaul, not France, and Thabo Mbeki was the president of the Republic of South Africa, not of the Cape Colony.

English

As a rule, a colon informs the reader that what follows proves, clarifies, explains, or simply enumerates elements of what is referred to before. Although not a native Japanese punctuation mark, the colon is sometimes used, especially in academic writing. The exclamation mark has sometimes been used as a phonetic symbol to indicate that a consonant is ejective. More commonly this is represented by an apostrophe, or a superscript glottal stop symbol (U+02C0 ˀ MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP). In the 1950s, secretarial dictation and typesetting manuals in America referred to the mark as “bang”,[18][19] perhaps from comic books – where the ! Avoid abbreviations that may not be easily understood, such as e.g. (for example) and i.e. (that is).

Quotations are also widely used in spoken language when an interlocutor wishes to present a proposition that they have come to know via hearsay. To make typographic quotation marks easier to enter, publishing software often automatically converts typewriter quotation marks (and apostrophes) to typographic form during text entry (with or without the user being aware of it). Quotation marks that are not automatically altered by computer programs are known as “dumb quotes”.

Generally, avoid joining two words with a slash, also called a forward slash, stroke or solidus ( / ), because it suggests that the words are related without specifying how. Use an en dash for the names of two or more entities in an attributive compound. Dashes can clarify a sentence’s structure when commas, parentheses, or both are also being used. A sentence may contain several semicolons, especially when the clauses are parallel in construction and meaning; multiple unrelated semicolons are often signs that the sentence should be divided into shorter sentences or otherwise refashioned. Use italics for the scientific names of plants, animals, and all other organisms except viruses at the genus level and below (italicize Panthera leo and Retroviridae, but not Felidae).

(See § Consistency within articles.) Numbers also usually should not be reformatted. In direct quotations, retain dialectal and archaic spellings, including capitalization (but not archaic glyphs and ligatures, as detailed below in § Typographic conformity). The above guidance about sentence case, redundancy, images, and questions also applies to headers of tables (and of table columns and rows). However, table headings can incorporate citations and may begin with, or be, numbers.

The quotative particle to can also occur with verbs of thinking, such as omou (think). The content on this site is for entertainment purposes only and CBS Sports makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the information given or the outcome of any game or event. This site contains commercial content and CBS Sports may be compensated for the links provided on this site.

In the example above, “Hard and sharp as flint” is taken directly from the text. In  A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens the character of Scrooge is described as being “Hard and sharp as flint”. You may follow your own preference in this matter, so long as you are

consistent. If you opt for logical punctuation, you will have the satisfaction

knowing that you are on the side of the angels, but you should also expect some

grim opposition from the other side. “Carefree,” in general, means “free from care or anxiety.”

The title of the song was “Gloria,” which many already knew.

Generally, any non-Latin text should include an appropriate romanization. For example, it is often more appropriate for people or things from Ethiopia (a country in Africa) to be described as Ethiopian, not carelessly (with the risk of stereotyping) as African. Always use present tense for verbs that describe genres, types, and classes, even if the subject of the description (e.g. program, library, device) no longer exists, is discontinued, or is unsupported/unmaintained. Context determines whether the 12- or the 24-hour format is more appropriate.

US is a commonly used abbreviation for United States, although U.S. – with periods and without a space – remains common in North American publications, including in news journalism. Multiple American style guides, including The Chicago Manual of Style (since 2010), now deprecate “U.S.” and recommend “US”. Create redirects from alternative capitalization and spelling forms of article titles, and from alternative names, e.g., Adélie Penguin, Adelie penguin, Adelie Penguin and Pygoscelis adeliae should all redirect to Adélie penguin. The rhetorical question mark or percontation point (see Irony punctuation) was invented by Henry Denham in the 1580s and was used at the end of a rhetorical question;[24] however, it became obsolete in the 17th century. It was the reverse of an ordinary question mark, so that instead of the main opening pointing back into the sentence, it opened away from it.[24] This character can be represented using U+2E2E ⸮ REVERSED QUESTION MARK. (also known as interrogation point, query, or eroteme in journalism[1]) is a punctuation mark that indicates a question or interrogative clause or phrase in many languages.

Gender-neutral language

Because of this, East Asian punctuation marks are larger than their European counterparts, as they should occupy a square area that is the same size as the characters around them. These punctuation marks are called fullwidth to contrast them from halfwidth European punctuation marks. In computing, the exclamation mark is ASCII character 33 (21 in hexadecimal). Due to its availability on even early computers, the character was used for many purposes.

Is used to denote changed lines in diff output in the context format. In the unified format, changes to a single line are denoted as an addition and deletion. The slash or stroke or solidus ( /, ⁄ ) is often used to indicate alternatives, such as “his/her”, or two equivalent meanings or spellings, such as “grey/gray”. The slash is used in certain set phrases, such as the conjunction “and/or”. The logical style is used in most countries as standard,[citation needed] and is becoming more popular in America too, although most Americans still use the aesthetic style.

In horizontally written manuscripts that contain a mixture of Japanese and Western characters, the full-width comma may be incorporated as well. The exclamation mark is mainly used in languages that use the Latin alphabet, although usage varies slightly. It has also been adopted in languages written https://chat.openai.com/ in other scripts, such as languages written with Cyrillic or Arabic scripts, Chinese characters, and Devanagari. Names and terms originally written using a non-Latin script—such as the Greek alphabet, the Cyrillic alphabet, or Chinese characters—must be romanized for English-language use.

Other punctuation marks in common use

Citations for description-list content go in the term or definition element, as needed. A question mark is used in English medical notes to suggest a possible diagnosis. It facilitates the recording of a doctor’s impressions regarding a patient’s symptoms and signs. For example, for a patient presenting with left lower abdominal pain, a differential diagnosis might include ? In Armenian, the question mark is a diacritic that takes the form of an open circle and is placed over the last vowel of the question word.

If a particular romanization of the subject’s name is most common in English (Tchaikovsky, Chiang Kai-shek), that form should be used. Otherwise, the romanization of names should adhere to a particular widely used system for the language in question (Aleksandr Tymoczko, Wang Yanhong). Use gender-neutral language – avoiding the generic he, for example – if this can be done with clarity and precision. This does not apply to direct quotations or the titles of works (The Ascent of Man), which should not be altered, or to wording about one-gender contexts, such as an all-female school (When any student breaks that rule, she loses privileges). Brief quotations of copyrighted text may be used to illustrate a point, establish context, or attribute a point of view or idea. While quotations are an indispensable part of Wikipedia, try not to overuse them.

It is also similar to—and often used to represent—the double prime symbol. When the character is not easily available, a direct HTML equivalent is the entity (em-space) which outputs the same fullwidth “ ” glyph. Quotation marks, rather than italics, are generally used for the titles of shorter works. Whether these are single or double is again a matter of style; however, many styles, especially for poetry, prefer the use of single quotation marks.

While these abbreviations are commonly used in standard English (although many English-speakers confuse the two!), more scholarly abbreviations of Latin terms such as nb or viz. Additionally, we never need to use the abbreviation, qv (quod vide), as terms that have their own articles can be pipe-linked in. If a sentence includes subsidiary material enclosed in square or round brackets, it must still carry terminal punctuation after those brackets, regardless of any punctuation within the brackets. There should be a space after a closing bracket, except where a punctuation mark follows (though a spaced dash would still be spaced after a closing bracket) and in unusual cases similar to those listed for opening brackets.

The question mark ( ? ) is used to mark the end of a sentence which is a question. Possessives of singular nouns ending in s may be formed with or without an additional s. However, if either form is much more common for a particular word or phrase, follow that form, such as with Achilles’ heel. A few infoboxes also use pre-collapsed sections for infrequently accessed details. If information in a list, infobox, or other non-navigational content seems extraneous or trivial enough to inspire pre-collapsing it, consider raising a discussion on the article (or template) talk page about whether it should be included at all.

It is used to join components less strongly than a hyphen would (see § Hyphens); conversely, it may also separate components less strongly than a slash would (see § Slashes). Consider the relationship that exists between two components when deciding what punctuation to place between them. Use an en dash between the names of nations or nationalities when referring to an association between them.

Using too many contractions (such as “don’t”, “won’t”, “can’t”) can make an article look informal. People may or may not be closely related to the English-speaking world. For instance, Tony Blair was born in Britain, has lived all his life in Britain, has British citizenship, and is best known for being the British prime minister. The article on Tony Blair is therefore an article on a topic closely related to Britain. However, take a person who now lives in a country other than the one of their birth, has dual nationality, and has an international career in two or more countries. An article on that person may not be closely related to one part of the English-speaking world.

Some of these rules are ancient, and could perhaps be considered etymological; some are based in part on subtle, and not necessarily universal, distinctions in pronunciation; and some are practically arbitrary. The passage from which this sentence is taken had earlier made it clear which

two nations the author was talking about. My quotation, however, does not

make this clear, and so I have inserted the necessary information enclosed in

square brackets. It would not be wrong to enclose this passage in quotes, but there is no need,

since I have clearly identified it as a quotation, which is exactly what quotation

marks normally do.

Question Mark Outside of Quotation Marks

Other languages use an escape character, often the backslash, as in ‘eat \’hot\’ dogs’. Straight single and double quotation marks are used in most programming languages to delimit strings or literal characters, collectively known as string literals. In some languages (e.g. Pascal) only one type is allowed, in some (e.g. C and its derivatives) both are used with different meanings and in others (e.g. Python) both are used interchangeably.

Below the introductory sentence you would leave a line and then indentcloseindentTo start writing further from the margin that the main part of a text. In this example, the comma and full stop in the phrase “self-contained, and solitary as an oyster.” appear in the original text and therefore need to be included with the quotation. All three of these are perfect, since only Edison’s exact words are enclosed in

quotes. Quotation marks can also set off a nickname embedded in an actual name, or a false or ironic title embedded in an actual title; for example, Nat “King” Cole, Frank “Chairman of the Board” Sinatra, or Simone Rizzo “Sam the Plumber” DeCavalcante.

This page outlines how different Wikipedians have interpreted the official style in certain situations, and is offered as guidance for others looking for style advice. This notation can be inserted with a single click in wiki markup, just under the edit pane in edit mode. Even for readers Chat GPT with unimpaired color vision, excessive background shading of table entries impedes readability and recognition of Wikilinks. Background color should be used only as a supplementary visual cue and should be subtle (consider using lighter, less-dominant pastel hues) rather than glaring.

It is also similar to the use of quotation marks in many other languages (including Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Catalan, Dutch and German). A few US professional societies whose professions frequently employ various non-word characters, such as chemistry and computer programming, use the British form in their style guides (see ACS Style Guide). Further, running dialogue does not use quotation marks beyond the first sentence, as changes in speaker are indicated by a dash, as opposed to the English use of closing and re-opening the quotation. (For other languages employing dashes, see section Quotation dash below.) The dashes may be used entirely without quotation marks as well. In general, quotation marks are extended to encompass as much speech as possible, including not just unspoken text such as “he said” (as previously noted), but also as long as the conversion extends. The quotation marks end at the last word of spoken text (rather than extending to the end of the paragraph) when the final part is not spoken.

The first quotation is a complete sentence and therefore gets an initial capital

letter; the second is not a complete sentence and hence receives no capital. Adding more dots and squiggles to this perfectly clear sentence would do

absolutely nothing to improve it. Quotes indicating irony, or other special use, are sometimes called scare quotes. If such a passage is further quoted in another publication, then all of their forms have to be shifted over by one level. This is not common practice in mainstream publishing, which will generally use more precise kerning.

Once selected, customers participate in a 3-part, half-day workshop in-person. Moscow’s attempts to interfere in U.S. and other elections are nothing new, though their tactics and strategy are constantly evolving. Special Correspondent Simon Ostrovsky recently sat down with an investigative journalist who’s spent years uncovering Russian operations about yet another effort to sow doubt and chaos, this time using artificial intelligence. Opening in 1891, the University of Chicago Press was one of the original divisions of the University of Chicago (founded in 1890).

Character.ai is currently free and offers unlimited messaging, although there is a subscription plan to gain access to c.ai+. AWS Global Passport puts the full scope of AWS’s resources and AWS Partner programs behind some of the most exciting software companies looking to reach new customers and accelerate their entry into international markets. The AWS Passport Program will select growing software companies and provide tailored expert guidance, resources, and strategic support to help them clear the operational hurdles of global expansion.

Typographical symbols and punctuation marks are marks and symbols used in typography with a variety of purposes such as to help with legibility and accessibility, or to identify special cases.
By contrast, American English typically uses double quotation marks to identify the outermost text of a primary quotation versus single quotation marks for inner, nested quotations.
Note first that what is enclosed in quotes must

be the exact words of the person being quoted.
The title of a lecture is placed in quotes, the name of a lecture series is not (Sichel Lecture Series).
Surprisingly, the character voice feature is available for all users, even free – this allows you to assign an AI voice to your character or create one from a voice sample.

Have fun playing science, maths, history, geography and language games.

In the ML programming language (including Standard ML and OCaml), “!” is the operator to get the value out of a “reference” data structure. An ellipsis (…, …, . . .) is used to mark omitted text or when a sentence trails off. Wikipedia has no preference between the two styles, but requests that the chosen style be used consistently within an article. Some people use the Oxford comma (also known as the Harvard or serial comma).

In normal text, never put a space before a comma, semicolon, colon, period/full stop, question mark, or exclamation mark (even in quoted material; see § Typographic conformity). You can foun additiona information about ai customer service and artificial intelligence and NLP. Use italics for the titles of works (such as books, films, television series, named exhibitions, computer games, music albums, and artworks). The titles of articles, chapters, songs, episodes, storylines, research papers and other short works instead take double quotation marks. Concise opinions that are not overly emotive can often be reported with attribution instead of direct quotation.

Italics are not used for major religious works (the Bible, the Quran, the Talmud). For example, World Union of Billiards is good as a translation of Union Mondiale de Billard, but neither it nor the reduction WUB is used by the organization or by independent sources; use the original name and its official abbreviation, UMB. Except in special circumstances, common abbreviations (such as PhD, DNA, USSR) need not be expanded even on first use. When no English variety has been established and discussion does not resolve the issue, use the variety found in the first post-stub revision that introduced an identifiable variety. The established variety in a given article can be documented by placing the appropriate variety of English template on its talk page. For assistance with specific terms, see Comparison of American and British English § Vocabulary, and American and British English spelling differences; most dictionaries also indicate regional terms.

Here, putting the full stop inside the closing quotes, as required by the

conventionalists, would produce an idiotic result, since the whole point of the

quotation is that the lamented general didn’t live long enough to finish it. In this circumstance, British

usage usually favours the writing of four dots, while American usage

commonly prefers to write only three. Here my comment in square brackets shows that the italics were not present in

the original but that I have added them in order to draw attention to this part

the quotation. Quotation marks are also used to indicate that the writer realizes that a word is not being used in its current commonly accepted sense. The Unicode standard introduced a separate character U+2015 ― HORIZONTAL BAR to be used as a quotation dash.

Where more than two possibilities are present, instead of x, y, and/or z write one or more of x, y, and z or some or all of x, y, and z. For a negative sign or subtraction operator use U+2212 − MINUS SIGN (−), which can also be generated by clicking on the − following the ± in the Insert toolbar beneath the edit window. Do not use U+2212 − MINUS SIGN inside a tag, as the character gives a syntax error; instead use a normal hyphen U+002D – HYPHEN-MINUS. Hyphenation involves many subtleties that cannot be covered here; the rules and examples presented above illustrate the broad principles. Above, “Though he had been here before” cannot stand on its own as a sentence, and therefore is not an independent clause.